Radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is limited to 2-year latency. There is no early marker to monitor\r\nwhether the lesion is responsive to radiosurgery. In this study, we examined endothelial gene expression and molecular changes in\r\nresponse to radiosurgery. Gene expression of E- and P-selectin, ICAM-1, PECAM-1, VCAM-1, tissue factor, and vWF in human\r\ncerebral microvascular endothelial cells was quantified by RT-qPCR at different radiation doses and time points. Soluble E- and\r\nP-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and tissue factor in an animal model of AVMs were quantified by ELISA at different time after\r\nradiosurgery.We found that gene expression of E- and P-selectin, ICAM-1, PECAM-1, and VCAM-1 was upregulated by radiation\r\nin a dose-dependent manner (?? < .05). Gene expression of E- and P-selectin and ICAM-1 was more sensitive to irradiation than\r\nthat of PECAM-1 andVCAM-1. Radiosurgery induced gene expression of P-selectin, ICAM-1, PECAM-1, andVCAM-1 was linearly\r\ncorrelated with time (?? < .05). Radiosurgery induced elevation of soluble E- and P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and tissue factor\r\nin a rat model of AVMs (?? < .05).Thus, a combination of these molecules measured at different time points may serve as an early\r\npredictor of responsiveness of AVMs to radiosurgery.
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